Meadhanan: Tha dathadh (pigment) eadar-mheadhanach na mheur air leth cudromach den ghnìomhachas cheimigeach grinn. Leasachadh air na h-eadar-mheadhanan taiceil. Tha cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanach Sìona airson dathadh agus dath air a leasachadh gu mòr bho na 1950n. Anns na beagan bhliadhnaichean a dh’ fhalbh, tha cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanach de dhath is dath air fàs nas làidire, agus tha innleachdan air a bhith ann an teicneòlas cinneasachaidh. Tha sinn air adhartas a dhèanamh ann an grunn raointean, leithid rannsachadh, cleachdaidhean ùra airson seann sheòrsan agus dìon na h-àrainneachd, agus tha sinn air gabhail ri pròiseas glan airson cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanan dath is pigment. .

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Leasachadh cleachdadh na h-eadar-mheadhanach

Gu dearbh, tha cleachdadh eadar-mheadhanach na leasachadh ioma-thaobhach, seòrsa sònraichte de eadar-mheadhanach air a chleachdadh ann an dathan ris an canar eadar-mheadhanan dath, agus air a chleachdadh ann am puinnseanan, cungaidhean-leigheis, agus mar sin air adhart. Canar puinnsean-bhiastagan ris cuideachd, eadar-mheadhanan cungaidh-leigheis. Bu chòir a bhith air a mheas mar mheur den ghnìomhachas ceimigeach math gu h-iomlan, cha bu chòir a bhith air a roinn gu cruaidh ann an eadar-mheadhanan dath, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan , eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan eadar-mheadhanach, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan cungaidh-leigheis, a lughdaicheas an raon cleachdaidh de chuid de dh'eadar-mheadhanach agus a bheir buaidh air an leasachadh.

Tha rannsachadh eadar-mheadhanan ceimigeach grinn air a chomharrachadh le measgachadh farsaing, ach a-mhàin grunn sheòrsan de sgèile toraidh gu sònraichte mòr, chan eil a’ mhòr-chuid de sheòrsan tonnage glè mhòr, ach tha am pròiseas ullachaidh gu tric nas iom-fhillte, a ’toirt a-steach mòran ath-bheachdan aonad agus dealachadh, agus an A' dèanamh mòran de na "trì sgudal" Feumar làimhseachadh ceart. Mar sin, bu chòir dhuinn a dhol an sàs ann an sgrùdadh pròiseas toraidh sreathach, buidheann reusanta de eadar-mheadhanan gus èifeachdas cinneasachaidh math fhaighinn.

Bho shuidheachadh cèin, tha rannsachadh agus cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanan buailteach a bhith air an cuimseachadh gu ceart gus cinneasachadh sreathach a choileanadh. beagan gu dusan seòrsa eadar-mheadhanach, tha an leithid de rannsachadh agus cinneasachadh nas fhasa a bhuileachadh tro leasachadh iomlan agus gabhail ri teicneòlasan ùra. Gheibh sinn dà uair an toradh le leth na h-oidhirp. Faodaidh sinn iomradh a thoirt air an t-suidheachadh ann an Iapan, far am b’ àbhaist cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanan a bhith gu math dì-mheadhanaichte, a’ tòiseachadh bho na 1960n. Tha e air atharrachadh agus air a chuimseachadh seachd tursan.

Tro chruth-atharrachadh agus leasachadh, tha gnìomhachas eadar-mheadhanan dath is pigment Shìona air ìre nas àirde a ruighinn a thaobh sgèile cinneasachaidh, ìre teicneòlais agus uidheamachd, a dh’ fhaodas chan ann a-mhàin coinneachadh ri feumalachdan leasachadh gnìomhachas dath dachaigh is pigment, ach cuideachd a bheir seachad barrachd thoraidhean eadar-mheadhanach càileachd airson dùthchannan cèin.

Gheibhear na stuthan amh a dh’ fheumar airson eadar-mheadhanan synthesizing sa mhòr-chuid bho thoraidhean gnìomhachas ceimigeach peatrail agus còc, a ’mhòr-chuid dhiubh benzene, naphthalene, naphthalene, agus naphthalene. Anns na beagan bhliadhnaichean a dh ’fhalbh, tha na pigmentan organach a chaidh ullachadh bho eadar-mheadhanan heterocyclic air a bhith a’ sìor fhàs. A bharrachd air an sin, bha phenanthrene, pyridine, ogsaidean fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, todhar sreath biphenyl, chuir na stuthan amh iom-fhillte sin an sàs ann a bhith a’ dèanamh stuth dath. Bidh cleachdadh stuthan amh synthetigeach a’ fàs nas fharsainge agus nas cumanta.

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Na h-ath-bheachdan ceimigeach as cumanta a chleachdar airson eadar-mheadhanan

Tha na h-ath-bhualaidhean ceimigeach as cumanta a thathas a’ cleachdadh airson stuthan amh a ghiullachd gu eadar-mheadhanach airson a’ ghnìomhachais dathaidh (pigment) mar a leanas.

(1) Freagairt sulfonation
(2) Ath-bheachdan nitrification
(3) Ath-bheachdan halogenation
(4) Lùghdachadh reaction a bhith ag ullachadh amino
(5) Ath-bheachdan diazotization (gu tric an cois ath-bheachdan ceangail)
(6) Cur an àite buidhnean searbhag sulfonic gu buidhnean hydroxyl le ath-bhualaidhean leaghadh alcaile
(7) Ath-bheachdan acetylation
(8) Ath-bheachdan oxidation
(9) Ath-bheachdan dùmhlachd agus carbonation
(10) Ath-bheachdan aromatization (amino sa mhòr-chuid)
(11) Ath-bheachdan eadar-mhalairteach de bhuidhnean hydroxyl agus amino
(12) Hydroxylation de hydroxyl no buidhnean amino

A rèir structar fàinne cùbhraidh nan eadar-mheadhanan ceimigeach grinn, faodar an seòrsachadh ann an aliphatic, benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic agus tiugh. Siostam fàinne. Faodaidh an dùthaich againn còrr air 400 seòrsa de benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic agus eadar-mheadhanan eile de dhath agus dath a thoirt a-mach, a dh’ fhaodas gu bunaiteach coinneachadh ri riatanasan leasachadh gnìomhachas dathadh agus pigment.

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Seòrsaichean mòra de shiostam benzene

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N, N-dimethylaniline, p-amino Anisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N -ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisole, p-aminoanisole, DSD acid, p-aminophenetole, searbhag CTL, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine , N, N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m- toluidine, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, ethoxyaniline, 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-m. 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide 2,4,5-Trichloroaniline, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5 -trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline , 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2 , 4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4 ,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline eadar-aghaidh, airson ester, etc.

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Prìomh sheòrsaichean de naphthalene intermediates

2-naphthol, H-aigéad, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-aigéad, thujaplic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 acid ocsaidean. J-acid, peri-acid, gamma-acid, G-salann, R-salann, amino K-aigéad, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene , 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid agus mar sin air adhart. Tha eadar-mheadhanan anthraquinone a’ toirt a-steach: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, msaa Anthraquinone, 1 , 5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, msaa.

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Gnèithean mòra heterocyclic agus dùmhail cearcallach

Cloride cyanuric, searbhag barbituric, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, searbhag dehydrothiobenzidine bisulfonic, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxyidone -cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano -4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4 -methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl -6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6 -hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride,! anhydride tetracarboxylic, msaa.