Meadhanan: Tha dathadh (pigment) eadar-mheadhanach na mheur air leth cudromach den ghnìomhachas cheimigeach grinn.Leasachadh air na h-eadar-mheadhanan taiceil.Tha cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanach Sìona airson dathadh agus dath air a leasachadh gu mòr bho na 1950n.Anns na beagan bhliadhnaichean a dh’ fhalbh, tha cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanach de dhath is dath air fàs nas làidire, agus tha innleachdan air a bhith ann an teicneòlas cinneasachaidh.Tha sinn air adhartas a dhèanamh ann an grunn raointean, leithid rannsachadh, cleachdaidhean ùra airson seann sheòrsan agus dìon na h-àrainneachd, agus tha sinn air gabhail ri pròiseas glan airson cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanan dath is pigment..

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Leasachadh cleachdadh na h-eadar-mheadhanach

Gu dearbh, tha cleachdadh eadar-mheadhanach na leasachadh ioma-thaobhach, seòrsa sònraichte de eadar-mheadhanach air a chleachdadh ann an dathan ris an canar eadar-mheadhanan dath, agus air a chleachdadh ann am puinnseanan, cungaidhean-leigheis, agus mar sin air adhart.Canar puinnsean-bhiastagan ris cuideachd, eadar-mheadhanan cungaidh-leigheis.Bu chòir a bhith air a mheas mar mheur den ghnìomhachas ceimigeach math gu h-iomlan, cha bu chòir a bhith air a roinn gu cruaidh ann an eadar-mheadhanan dath, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan , eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnseanan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan eadar-mheadhanach, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan puinnsean-bhiastagan, eadar-mheadhanan cungaidh-leigheis, a lughdaicheas an raon de chleachdaidhean aig cuid de dh'eadar-mheadhanach agus a bheir buaidh air an cleachdadhleasachadh.

Tha rannsachadh eadar-mheadhanan ceimigeach grinn air a chomharrachadh le measgachadh farsaing, ach a-mhàin grunn sheòrsan de sgèile toraidh gu sònraichte mòr, chan eil a’ mhòr-chuid de sheòrsan tonnage glè mhòr, ach tha am pròiseas ullachaidh gu tric nas iom-fhillte, a ’toirt a-steach mòran ath-bheachdan aonad agus dealachadh, agus an A' dèanamh mòran de na "trì sgudal" Feumar làimhseachadh ceart.Mar sin, bu chòir dhuinn a dhol an sàs ann an sgrùdadh pròiseas toraidh sreathach, buidheann reusanta de eadar-mheadhanan gus èifeachdas cinneasachaidh math fhaighinn.

Bho shuidheachadh cèin, tha rannsachadh agus cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanan buailteach a bhith air an cuimseachadh gu ceart gus cinneasachadh sreathach a choileanadh.beagan gu dusan seòrsa eadar-mheadhanach, tha an leithid de rannsachadh agus cinneasachadh nas fhasa a bhuileachadh tro leasachadh iomlan agus gabhail ri teicneòlasan ùra.Gheibh sinn dà uair an toradh le leth na h-oidhirp.Faodaidh sinn iomradh a thoirt air an t-suidheachadh ann an Iapan, far am b’ àbhaist cinneasachadh eadar-mheadhanan a bhith gu math dì-mheadhanaichte, a’ tòiseachadh bho na 1960n.Tha e air atharrachadh agus air a chuimseachadh seachd tursan.

Tro chruth-atharrachadh agus leasachadh, tha gnìomhachas eadar-mheadhanan dath is pigment Shìona air ìre nas àirde a ruighinn a thaobh sgèile cinneasachaidh, ìre teicneòlais agus uidheamachd, a dh’ fhaodas chan ann a-mhàin coinneachadh ri feumalachdan leasachadh gnìomhachas dath dachaigh is pigment, ach cuideachd a bheir seachad barrachd thoraidhean eadar-mheadhanach càileachd airson dùthchannan cèin.

Gheibhear na stuthan amh a dh’ fheumar airson eadar-mheadhanan synthesizing sa mhòr-chuid bho thoraidhean gnìomhachas ceimigeach peatrail agus còc, a ’mhòr-chuid dhiubh benzene, naphthalene, naphthalene, agus naphthalene.Anns na beagan bhliadhnaichean a dh ’fhalbh, tha na pigmentan organach a chaidh ullachadh bho eadar-mheadhanan heterocyclic air a bhith a’ sìor fhàs.A bharrachd air an sin, bha phenanthrene, pyridine, ogsaidean fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, todhar sreath biphenyl, chuir na stuthan amh iom-fhillte sin an sàs ann a bhith a’ dèanamh stuth dath.Bidh cleachdadh stuthan amh synthetigeach a’ fàs nas fharsainge agus nas cumanta.

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Na h-ath-bheachdan ceimigeach as cumanta a chleachdar airson eadar-mheadhanan

Tha na h-ath-bhualaidhean ceimigeach as cumanta a thathas a’ cleachdadh airson stuthan amh a ghiullachd gu eadar-mheadhanach airson a’ ghnìomhachais dathaidh (pigment) mar a leanas.

(1) Freagairt sulfonation
(2) Ath-bheachdan nitrification
(3) Ath-bheachdan halogenation
(4) Lùghdachadh reaction a bhith ag ullachadh amino
(5) Ath-bheachdan diazotization (gu tric an cois ath-bheachdan ceangail)
(6) Cur an àite buidhnean searbhag sulfonic gu buidhnean hydroxyl le ath-bhualaidhean leaghaidh alkali
(7) Ath-bheachdan acetylation
(8) Ath-bheachdan oxidation
(9) Ath-bheachdan dùmhlachd agus carbonation
(10) Ath-bheachdan aromatization (amino sa mhòr-chuid)
(11) Ath-bheachdan eadar-mhalairteach de bhuidhnean hydroxyl agus amino
(12) Hydroxylation de hydroxyl no buidhnean amino

A rèir structar fàinne cùbhraidh nan eadar-mheadhanan ceimigeach grinn, faodar an seòrsachadh ann an aliphatic, benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic agus tiugh.Siostam fàinne.Faodaidh an dùthaich againn còrr air 400 seòrsa de benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic agus eadar-mheadhanan eile de dhath agus dath a thoirt a-mach, a dh’ fhaodas gu bunaiteach coinneachadh ri riatanasan leasachadh gnìomhachas dathadh agus pigment.

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Seòrsaichean mòra de shiostam benzene

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N, N-dimethylaniline, p-amino Anisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N -ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, o-, p-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, benzidine, anisylamine, p-amine Benzenesulfonic acid, o-anisole, p-aminoanisole, DSD acid, p-aminophenetole, searbhag CTL, o-cyano-p-nitroaniline, acetoacetylacetamide o-Methoxyaniline, hydroquinone, resorcinol, N-methyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N, N-dimethyl-m-toluidine Toluidine, N, N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl -hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-toluidine Methyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl-m-toluidine, p-, ethoxyaniline , 2 4-dimethylaniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methoxy-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4- methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-m. 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-aminobenzamide 2,4,5-Trichlorobenzamide , 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4 , 5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5 -trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline,2,4,5-trichloroaniline , 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline inter, airson ester, etc.

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Prìomh sheòrsaichean de naphthalene intermediates

2-naphthol, H-aigéad, K-acid, 2,3-acid, 2,6-aigéad, thujaplic acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4 acid ocsaidean.J-acid, peri-acid, gamma-acid, G-salann, R-salann, amino K-aigéad, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene , 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid agus mar sin air adhart.Tha eadar-mheadhanan anthraquinone a’ toirt a-steach: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl-bromophosphate, 1,5-dimethyl-anthraquinone, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R-acid, msaa Anthraquinone, 1 , 5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-Amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy Anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, msaa.

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Gnèithean mòra heterocyclic agus dùmhail cearcallach

Cloride cyanuric, searbhag barbituric, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole Aminothiazole, searbhag dehydrothiobenzidine bisulfonic, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxyidone -cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano -4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4 -methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl -6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6 -hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone Formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalene anhydride, naphthalene tetracarboxylic anhydride,!anhydride tetracarboxylic, msaa.